Organizational versus Market Knowledge: From Concrete Embodiment to Abstract Representation

Synopsis In contrast to the neoclassical economic presumption in favor of markets, we argue that organizations, not markets should be taken as our default assumption. We do so on information processing grounds. We distinguish between Zen and market Knowledge. The first is embodied and hard to articulate and the second abstract-symbolic. In human evolution, the first type of knowledge came first, and, on any pragmatic definition of knowledge, it still incorporates most of what we mean by the term. We take codification and abstraction as the two data processing activities that lead to the articulation of knowledge into an abstract-symbolic form. We develop a conceptual framework, the Information-Space (I-Space) to show how far the articulation of knowledge leads to its being shared. Whereas an unlimited sharing of information and knowledge leads to market-oriented outcomes, a more limited sharing leads to organizational outcomes. A market-oriented economics has tended to look to physics for its models; the field of organization theory has tended to look to biology. A more organization-oriented economics would thus look more to biology for its models.     

紧致连通李群的极大环面子群

极大环面子群在李群结构及其表示理论中都是十分重要的。每个连通紧李群具有极大环面子群,任二极大环面子群彼此共轭,且连通紧李群中每个元素共轭于极大环面的一个元素。用对称空间的有关知识给出了极大子环群定理的详细证明。     

中小企业产权制度变迁中财务治理机制的动态选择

产权作为一切经济制度的基石,对企业的经济行为起约束作用,财务治理作为一项经济管理活动必然受到产权制度的制约。中小企业在其成立和发展过程中应根据其发展的不同时期和阶段的产权特点来动态地选择合理的财务治理机制,以提高企业财务治理的效率。     

中国农业保险的六大缺失——专访阳光农业相互保险公司董事长梁敏

据阳光农业相互保险公司董事长梁敏先生介绍:“中国农业保险自1982年开始恢复,到高峰期的1992年,农业险保费收入达8,2亿元,但赔付率高达116％, 完全是亏本经营。从1996年起,农业保险规模逐年萎缩,2001年农业保险规模跌到20多年来的最低谷,农险保费收入仅3亿元,占保险业总保费的0．14％,农业保险深度仅为0．02％,是近20年来下滑幅度最大的一年。全国2．3亿农户,户均保费不足2元。”是什么原因造成现在这种局面呢？记者以电子邮件形式采访了梁敏先生。充满曲折的中国农业保险“这主要在于中国农业保险存在六大缺失”,梁敏先生这样在电子邮件里答复,“要想解决这个问题,需要先从其发     

浅析物流产业的发展途径

探讨了物流在经济生活中的作用和现阶段我国物流产业方面存在的问题。提出了发展我国物流产业的基本途径。指出了我国的物流企业应该适时调整经营战略。顺应世界经济的发展趋势。不断提高自身的生存和发展能力。以应对未来更为激烈的竞争局面。     

我国自然垄断产业的民营化改革

在自然垄断产业,国有企业垄断经营低效是一个世界性的问题。自然垄断产业在一定范围内具有可竞争性,即使是在不可竞争性的领域,也可以通过建立潜在的竞争性替代机制,形成模拟竞争环境。自然垄断产业的可竞争性为民营化提供了可能。自然垄断产业民营化就是通过产权制度变革,提高垄断企业的效率。     

对我国风险投资组织模式选择的研究

有限合伙制以其特有的产权和责任安排而被认为是最符合风险投资行业特点和要求的组织形式。我国在对建立有限合伙制风险投资企业的认识上存在一定的分歧，本认为随着我国经济的不断向前发展，相关法律法规的完善，有限合伙制必然会成为我国风险投资企业组织模式的首选。     

A Bayesian analysis of a variance decomposition for stock returns

We apply Bayesian methods to study a common vector autoregression (VAR)-based approach for decomposing the variance of excess stock returns into components reflecting news about future excess stock returns, future real interest rates, and future dividends. We develop a new prior elicitation strategy, which involves expressing beliefs about the components of the variance decomposition. Previous Bayesian work elicited priors from the difficult-to-interpret parameters of the VAR. With a commonly used data set, we find that the posterior standard deviations for the variance decomposition based on these previously used priors, including “non-informative” limiting cases, are much larger than classical standard errors based on asymptotic approximations. Therefore, the non-informative researcher remains relatively uninformed about the variance decomposition after observing the data. We show the large posterior standard deviations arise because the “non-informative” prior is implicitly very informative in a highly undesirable way. However, reasonably informative priors using our elicitation method allow for much more precise inference about components of the variance decomposition.     

中国现阶段的工业品市场营销模式初探

随着中国市场经济的快速发展、科技水平的提高以及中国加入WTO,工业品的市场竞争将更加激烈。对于中国现阶段的工业品来讲,由于行业、企业、产品特点及销售对象不同,各公司的营销策略各有不同,尤其对市场营销模式需要进一步探索。     

由联想改制看高层长期激励

联想是较早在我国实施股票期权制度的企业,也是运用最成功的范例之一。联想董事长柳传志曾多次说过“如果没有实施股权激励,联想的接班就不会这么顺利”。这句话的确意义深刻,因为受益的不仅是企业及企业高层,当然也包括柳传志本人。从褚时建到李经纬再到柳传志,任何人都无法否认柳传志是最幸运的退居二线的企业家。因为他有联想1000万股股票,足以使他在退下来后,潇洒自如地或挥杆高尔夫绿茵场上;或闲情逸致漫步异国他乡。而前两位却不幸成为了“59现象”的代表。“股票期权”与联想模式在我国实施股票期权的确障碍多多,因为很多制度、法律…